N. europaea/Nc. mobilis谱系在垃圾渗滤液处理中的脱氨贡献

为了解垃圾渗滤液处理系统中菌群结构与脱氨效果的关系,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析了15个实际垃圾渗滤液处理系统中的自养氨氧化细菌（AOB）的群落结构,监测了其中1个处理系统中的AOB群落结构的周年变化,并采集实际垃圾渗滤液开展了为期45d的模拟试验.结果表明,Nitrosomonas属是垃圾渗滤液处理系统中的优势自养氨氧化细菌,其相对丰度与脱氨活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）.在此菌属中,N.europaea、N.eutropha和N.halophila的相对丰度与脱氨活性显著正相关（P<0.05）,这3种菌在系统发育上同属于N.europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis谱系,说明该谱系是实际垃圾渗沥液处理系统中的优势AOB类群,并对垃圾渗滤液脱氨有重要贡献.     

双酚A对青岛大扁藻的干扰效应

为了探讨双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对海洋微藻的生态毒性效应,实验选择了以青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica)作为受试物种,设置6个实验浓度(即0、2、4、6、8、10 mg·L-1)对微藻进行了96 h暴露处理,测定了不同浓度暴露下对青岛大扁藻的生长以及抗氧化系统酶活性等指标。研究结果表明,BPA对青岛大扁藻的96h-EC50为9.32 mg·L-1,属高毒类污染物。青岛大扁藻经过BPA暴露处理后,细胞密度下降,细胞色素含量降低,并且呈现明显的剂量-效应关系;细胞抗氧化系统中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均受到干扰。     

Nonisothermal pyrolysis kinetics of waste printed circuit boards and product characterization using TG–MS

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With characteristics of high resources, complex composition, and high toxicity, the treatment and disposal of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs)...     

High performance of multi-layered alternating Ni–Fe–P and Co–P films for hydrogen evolution

Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co–P and Ni–Fe–P films on nickel foam, via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process. This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth. The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering. The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer. Importantly, the Co–P/Ni–Fe–P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium (1 mol L-1 KOH). The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.     

黑曲霉Y3 菌丝球培养基成分优化

为获得一种高效培养黑曲霉Y3 菌丝球的方法,采用表征菌丝密度的状态参数(H)作为评价指标,对培养基成分进行了优化,确定了霉菌Y3 菌丝球培养的最适碳源、氮源、微量元素及其含量,并对实验确定的培养基的经济性做了比较和分析.结果表明,菌丝球培养基的最适碳源及氮源分别为蔗糖和氯化铵,Mg2+是促进菌丝球生长的重要微量元素.Y3 菌丝球最适培养基成分(g/L)为:蔗糖10.0,NH4Cl1.0,KH2PO4·3H2O 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5.该培养基价格低廉,培养菌丝球大小适中,由孢子聚集到成球仅需48h,为优质高效的培养菌丝球创造了条件.     

利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制抗冻胶粘剂

以废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要原料,经溶剂消泡、改性后可制得低毒性的、粘接强度高的、低成本的改性抗冻胶粘剂。对原料的用量、低毒性混合溶剂的选择和配比、改性剂的选择进行了试验,并通过正交试验优化出主要原料的最佳配比,当聚乙烯醇缩甲醛：废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料：酚醛树脂的质量比为25：38：1时,胶粘剂的剪切强度可达1.40MPa以上。     

Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

深圳简易垃圾填埋场水土环境污染指标识别

基于现场踏勘、人员访谈和资料收集,采用内梅罗指数法对深圳市现存24座简易垃圾填埋场土壤和地下水环境质量进行了评价,对其特征污染指标进行了识别,结果表明,土壤超标污染指标5种,包括镉和砷2种中度污染指标,污染指数分别为2.970和2.141,钒、镍和铅3种轻度污染指标,污染指数在1.348～1.777之间;地下水超标污染...     

一株多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

微生物修复是治理土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)污染的主要方法,而高效降解菌筛选是微生物修复技术的重要基础。从北京焦化厂土壤中筛选分离得到一株PAHs降解菌Q3,通过生理生化和16S rDNA等分析手段鉴定其为Rhodococcus rhodochrous。结果表明:该菌株对芘的耐受能力较强,可降解初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)的芘;该菌株具有降解广谱性,可利用苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等9种PAHs为唯一碳源进行代谢,特别是对苯并[a]芘等高环PAHs具有较好的降解效果;此外,该菌株可有效降解模拟液中的混合PAHs,并且对野外被PAHs长期污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复效果。投加菌株处理后的处理组与对照组相比,土壤PAHs总去除率提高了24%。以上结果表明该菌株对环境中被PAHs污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复潜力,可为PAHs污染土壤的微生物修复技术提供技术参考。     

高速公路建设项目水土流失预测方法研究

根据当前高速公路建设项目水土流失预测结果不准确的情况，分析容易使预测结果产生偏差的影响因素，并提出了相应的预测方法。